Araneae

Araneae

Araneomorphae
(Most Other Spiders)

Entelegynae
(Jumping Spiders, Orb Weavers, etc.)

Dionycha
(Jumping Spiders, Crab Spiders, etc.)

Family: Salticidae ( Jumping spiders)

Phidippus audax (Darring Jumping Spider)

Family: Gnaphosidae (Ground Spiders, Hunting Spiders)
Herpyllus ecclesiasticus (Parson Spider)

Family: Thomisidae (Crab spiders)
Misumena vatia (Goldenrod Spider)

Super Family: Lycosoidea
(Wolf Spiders, Lynx Spiders, etc.)

Family: Lycosidae Greek: "lycosa" meaning "wolf" (Wolf Spiders)

Orbicularia
(Orb Weavers, Cobweb Spiders, Widows, etc.)

Family: Araneidae
Araneid sp.

Family: Tetragnathidae (Larged Jawed Orb Weavers)
		Tetragnatha sp.

Family: Theridiidae (Cobweb, Comb-Footed, Widows)
Latrodectus mactans (Black Widow Spider)

Haplogynae
(Recluses, Spitting Spiders, Filistatids, etc.)

Family: Dysderidae (Dysderid Spider)
Dysdera crocata (Woodlouse Hunter or Slater-eating Spider)

Mygalomorphae
(Tarantula and Trap Door Spiders)

Famiily: Theraphosidae
(Tarantula)

Family: Tetragnathidae?

Help me identify...E-mail: tim300cx5@yahoo.com or Dave Gross

Araneae: Spiders

Araneomorphae:

Entelegynae (Most Spiders, Orb Weavers, Jumping Spiders)

Dionycha (Jumping Spiders, Crab Spiders)
- Salticidae (Jumping Spiders) - 3 to 15mm
  Short legs with 2 claws at the tip of each tarsus
  8 eyes arranged in 3 rows;
      1st row - largest pair facing forward,
      2nd row - small pair facing forward,
      3rd row - 2 pair facing upward.
  Have the sharpest vision of all spiders
  Create silken drag lines
  Do not spin webs but rather make silken shelters

Thomisidae (Crab Spiders) - 1.5 to 10mm
2nd pair of legs often larger then 3rd and 4th pair with 2 claws at the tip of each tarsus
8 eyes on raised bumps arranged in 2 curved rows of 4
Do not spin webs; females make silken egg sacks & some males tie down their mate
Gnaphosidae (Ground Spiders, Hunting Spiders)
4-15 mm long

Dictynoidea
- Dictynidae - <5mm, most: 2 to 3mm
  Have sievelike spinning plates (cribellum), in front of spinnerets
  Cribella also found by eyes and feet
  3 microscopic claws on feet
  8 eyes in 2 rows - 6 white eyes and 2 dark eyes, or just 6 white eyes
  Some have fairly large jaws and poison glands
  Spin irregular webs

Lycosoidea (Wolf Spiders, Lynx Spiders, etc.)
- Lycosidae (Wolf Spiders) - 3 to 35mm
  8 eyes of unequal size arranged into 3 rows; 1st row having 4 eyes (Picture)
  Do not spin webs; some dig their own burrows
  Females make silken egg sacks which they carry around with them until they hatch
  Spiderlings cling to their mothers back until they are ready to disperse
- Oxiopidae (Lynx Spiders) - 4 to 16mm
  Legs have prominent spines and 3 claws on the tip of each tarsus
  Many have an abdomen that tapers to a point
  8 eyes; 6 of which form a hexagon and 2 smaller eyes facing forward
  Do not spin webs or dig burrows
  Their egg sacks are attached to plants
  Drag lines are used to catch prey
  Often rest on hind legs with front legs raised
- Ctenidae (Wandering Spiders) - 5 to 40mm
  8 eyes arranged in 3 rows;
      1st row has 2 eyes,
      2nd row has 4 eyes,
      3rd row has 2 eyes that are widely separated.
  Do not spin webs and some live in burrows
- Pisauridae (Nursery Web Spiders, Fishing Spiders) - 7 to 26mm
  Legs have 3 claws on each tarsus
  8 eyes arranged in 2 rows; 1st row in a straight line & the other in a U-shape
  Do not spin webs to catch prey but make a silken nest for their young

Orbicularia (Orb Weavers, Cobweb Spiders, Widows, etc.)
- Araneidae (Orb Weavers) - 2 to 28mm
  Females are generaly larger then males; Some males have clasping spines on their legs
  8 eyes arranged in 2 horizontal rows of 4
  Most have a spiraling orbed web radiating from a center point connected to surrounding structures
  Males commonly design their webs arround a females web
- Tetragnathidae (Long-jawed Orb Weavers) - 3 to 9mm
  Apart from the average orb weaver they have unusually large jaws
- Theridiidae (Comb-footed Spiders, Cobweb Weavers, Black Widows, etc.)
  3 claws on tarsus
  8, sometimes 6 eyes
  wrap prey in silk

Haplogynae (Recluses, Spitting Spiders, Filistatids, etc.)

Loxoscelidae (Violin Spiders) - 6 to 11mm
Known for their poisonous venom; Those bitten have wounds that don't heal quickly & often become ill.
Legs have 2 claws on the tip of each tarsus
6 eyes arranged into 3 pairs
Dysderidae (Woodlouse Hunter / Slater-eating Spider) 12-13mm
6 eyes arranged into 2 rows; 1st row having 2 eyes*
Scytodidae (Spitting Spiders) - <9mm
Spitting gland on the part where legs attach to body (cephalothorax)
Can spit a sticky secretion up to 22mm
6 eyes in 3 groups
Most live under debris or stones

Mygalomorphae (Tarantulas, Trapdoor Spiders, etc.) Primitive spiders

Antrodiaetdae (Folding Trapdoor Spiders) - 6 to 28mm
Make burrows in ground and many make trapdoors that fold in the middle to close entrance
Have spines on jaws for digging
Have hard plates on abdomen
Legs have 3 claws on the tip of each tarsus

Ctenizidae (Trapdoor Spiders) - 10 to 33 mm
Burrows in ground sealed with hinged or corklike lid
Have spines on jaws for digging
Legs have 3 micoscopic claws on the tip of each tarsus
2 eyes in middle with 3 eyes on each side

Theraphosidae (Tarantulas) - 35mm+, up to 150mm with legs
8 closely grouped eyes, 1 large pair with 3 on each side 2 are white (Picture)
Legs have 2 claws on the tip of each tarsus with tuft of hair underneath
Males have longer legs than females
Most line top of burrow with silk

Links

Pictures:
http://research.amnh.org/entomology/blackrock2/
Tarantula: http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/downloads/naturalhistorytarantulas.pdf

Spider ID:
http://www.dmns.org/spiders/idkey1.html
http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/info/families.htm
http://www.araneae.unibe.ch/Bestimmung/english/Familienschluessel_eng_Ganz.htm

Notes to self: need more info on trapdoor spiders